Premenstrual Syndrome Medication and Treatments
Premenstrual Syndrome, also known as PMS, is a very common condition that exclusively affects women. It’s often experienced monthly by women of any ethnic background or nationality, and continues until they reach menopause. Fortunately, there are treatment options to reduce the unpleasant and frustrating symptoms.
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PMS refers to a combination of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms that occur in the days or weeks leading up to menstruation. It is estimated that up to 75% of women of reproductive age experience PMS symptoms, with varying degrees of severity. PMS can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, affecting her work, relationships, and daily activities. The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, are believed to play a significant role. Additionally, neurotransmitter fluctuations and sensitivity to hormone changes may contribute to the development of symptoms as well.
If you suspect that you or someone you love may be suffering from PMS, there are ways to keep it at bay. Below you will obtain the facts and information regarding PMS and what you can do to treat it.
Typical Symptoms
The symptoms of PMS can vary widely from woman to woman, both in type and severity. Common physical symptoms include bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue, and headaches. Emotional and psychological symptoms may include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating.
These symptoms typically occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, usually one to two weeks before menstruation, and subside shortly after the onset of the menstrual period.
Prescription Medications
Regarding prescription medications, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed antidepressants that have been shown to effectively reduce PMS symptoms, particularly emotional and psychological symptoms. These medications work by modulating neurotransmitter levels in the brain, which can help regulate mood and alleviate symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and depression.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also be used to relieve physical symptoms such as bloating, breast tenderness, and menstrual cramps. These medications work by reducing inflammation and pain, providing much needed relief from discomfort associated with PMS.
Hormonal Treatments
Strangely enough, hormonal birth control methods, including oral contraceptives, patches, and hormonal IUDs, are often used to regulate menstrual cycles and hormone levels. By stabilizing hormonal fluctuations, these methods can help alleviate mood swings, bloating, and other physical and emotional symptoms associated with PMS.
Alternatively, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists) are another hormonal treatment option that can temporarily induce a menopausal state, effectively suppressing ovulation and hormonal fluctuations. This approach is usually recommended for women with severe PMS symptoms that do not respond to more conventional treatments.
Over-the-counter Remedies
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can help alleviate physical symptoms of PMS, including cramps, headaches, and muscle aches. These medications work by reducing prostaglandin levels, which are responsible for pain and inflammation associated with menstruation.
It is important to note that while these medical treatments can be effective in managing PMS symptoms, they may also have potential side effects and interactions with other medications. For this reason, it is essential for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment approach, based on their specific symptoms and medical history.
Self-Help Remedies
The following self – help remedies and methods have shown to be effective in reducing PMS symptoms:
1. Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise has been shown to improve mood, reduce stress, and alleviate physical discomfort associated with PMS. Engaging in moderate aerobic activities, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can promote the release of endorphins, which are natural mood-boosting chemicals.
2. Dietary modifications: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall health and potentially reduce PMS symptoms. Limiting salt intake can help minimize bloating, while reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption may alleviate irritability and anxiety.
3. Relaxation techniques: Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, and massage therapy, can help reduce stress and promote emotional well-being. These techniques can be particularly beneficial in managing anxiety, irritability, and tension associated with PMS.
4. Herbal remedies: Certain herbal supplements, such as chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus), evening primrose oil, and black cohosh, have been traditionally used to alleviate PMS symptoms. While evidence supporting their effectiveness is mixed, some women may find these supplements helpful in managing specific symptoms. Be sure to consult with a healthcare provider before using herbal remedies, as they can interact with other medications and have potential side effects.
Prevention Methods
While it may not be possible to completely prevent PMS, adopting certain strategies can help reduce the severity of symptoms and improve overall well-being.
Try to maintain a healthy lifestyle as much as possible. Eating a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and getting an adequate amount of sleep can support hormonal balance and reduce the impact of PMS symptoms. Additionally, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can help minimize hormonal disruptions and mood disturbances.
Another beneficial method is practicing stress-reducing techniques, such as mindfulness, yoga, and progressive muscle relaxation. Managing stress through healthy coping mechanisms can contribute to a more balanced emotional state and improved resilience to PMS-related challenges.
Other Noteworthy Considerations
Keeping track of menstrual cycles and associated symptoms can help you anticipate the onset of PMS and prepare for potential symptom management strategies. Utilizing a calendar or a smartphone app to monitor menstrual patterns and associated symptoms can provide valuable insights for both individuals and healthcare providers.
It is highly advisable to seek professional medical advice for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment options. Healthcare providers can offer tailored guidance based on individual symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors, ensuring the most appropriate and effective management of PMS.
